बिहार बोर्ड कक्षा 12वी – English – Prose Chapter 1: Indian Civilization and Culture के NCERT Solution

Question 1.
Name the author of the following prose piece,’ ‘Indian Civilization and Culture”. 
(a) Manohar Malgaonker (b) Mahatma Gandhi
(c) Martin Luther King Jr.
Answer:
(b) Mahatma Gandhi

Question 2.
Mahatma Gandhi in his essay deals in 
(a) customs and traditions (b) Poverty and unemployment
(c) civilization and Culture
Ans. (c)

Question 3.
Write ‘True’ or ‘False’
(i) The tendency of Indian civilization is to elevate the moral being. 
Ans. True
(ii) Our distinguishing characteristic of modem civilization is not an indefinite multiple of human wants. 
Ans. False
(iii) Our civilization, our culture, our swaraj depend upon multiplying our wants. 
Ans. False
(iv) The tendency of Indian civilizations is to elevate the moral being. 
Ans. False
(v) Dr. Radhakrishan did not brought to the presidency mental equipment and a degree of erudition. 
Ans. False
(vi) Nanukaka stood in the doorway of a second class carriage. 
Ans. True
(vii) America has given the Negro people a bad chaque. 
Ans. True
(viii)We must allow our creative protest to degenerate into physical violence. 
Ans. False

Question 4.
Who is the writer of “Indian Civilization and Culture”? 
Answer:
Mahatma Gandhi

Question 5.
What does Mahatma Gandhi discuss in his essay? 
Answer:
Civilization and culture.

Question 6.
Why the large cities were a share and a useless encumbrance and people not happy? 
Answer:
Because of Gangs of thieve, robbers and prostitues.

Question 7. Complete the following sentences on the basis of your reading
(a) Aman is not necessarily became he is rich of unhappy because 
(b) Large cities were a share and a useless encumbrance and that people would
(c) In no part of the world and under no civilization 
(d) A certain degree of physical harmony and comfort is necessary but
(e) Our civilization, our culture, our swaraj 
(f) A man must arrange his physical and cultural circumstances so 
(g) ‘Indian civilization and culture’ has been written by 
Answer:
(a) happy, he is poor
(b) not be happy in them
(c) have all men attained perfection
(d) above a certain level it becomes a hindrance instead of help
(e) depend not upon multiplying our wants
(f) that they do not hinder him
(g) Mahatma Gandhi.

Bihar Board Class 12 English Textual Questions and Answer

A. Answer the following questions orally
Question 1.
What do you know about Gandhiji?
Answer:
I know Gandhiji as Bapu and as Mahatma. He is called Bapu because he was the father of the nation. He is called Mahatma because he was a great soul or saint. Gandhiji was the leader of the Indian nationalist movement against the British rule. He adopted Satyagraha and nonviolence to achieve all his objectives. In the beginning Gandhiji worked in South Africa where he went to jail several times for protesting against the ill-treatment to Indians there. Gandhiji’s struggle was long, hard but peaceful. In 1942 Gandhiji-led Congress began the Quit India Movement which ultimately paved the way to India’s independence. The world has recognised the worth of his methods of Satyagraha and non-violence. He has been declared as the Man of Millennium.

Question 2.
What did Gandhi do for the farmers in Bihar?
Answer:
It was indigo-peasant’s problems that brought Gandhiji to Champaran in 1917. The British landlords owned large estates in Champaran. Indigo farming was profitable for them but irksome for their Indian peasants. The British landlords were exploiting the poor fanners who lived in constant fear of them. Gandhiji visited Champaran, studied their problems, and fought for their cause. He started a sort of non-violent movement. The farmers of Champaran rallied round him. Gandhi freed them from both exploitation and fear of the British rulers.

Question 3.
What do you understand by civilization and culture?
Answer:
Civilization is the state of development of a people. Their social, political, legal organisation are parts of their civilization. Culture is all the customs, beliefs and ways of living inherited by them. Civilization and culture, in fact, go hand in hand.

Question 4.
What do you holy scriptures tell us about universal human values?
Answer:
Our holy scriptures tell us about truth and sacrifice. They tell us that true happiness lies in spiritual persuits rather than in materialistic ones.

B. 1.1. Complete the following sentences on the basis of what you have studied
(a) India’s glory is that it
(b) The charge aganist India is that
(c) We dare not change what
(d) Our ancestors set a limit to our indulagences because
(e) Our forefathers did not invent machinery because
Answer:
(a) is immovable, (b) her people are uncivilized, ignorant and stolid, (c) we have tested and found hue on the anvil of experience, (d) more we indulge in our passions, the more lunbridled they become, (e) if we invented machinery, we would become slaves and lose our moral fibre.

B. 1.2. Answer the following questions briefly
Question 1.
How is Indian civilization different from European civilization?
Answer:
European civilization is guided by the writings of Greece and Rome, which no longer exist in their former glory. But Indian civilization is steady. It follows the path that our forefathers tested on the anvil of experience and found true and durable. Indian civilization needs no external guide.

Question 2.
Why does Gandhiji say that ‘mind is a restless bird’? What makes the mind restless?
Answer:
Gandhiji says that mind is a restless bird because it is never satisfied. The more it gets the more it wants.

Question 3.
Why did out ancestors dissuade us from luxuries and pleasures? Did they do the right thing?
Answer:
Our ancestors dissuaded us from luxuries and pleasures because they do not lead to happiness. The more one indulges in them, the more dissatisfied one becomes. Our ancestors did the right thing because we find that even the rich people are unhappy, and many poor are happy. In fact happiness is a mental condition. It does not depend on wealth and possessions.

Question 4.
Why according to Gandhi, have we stuck with the same kind of plough as existed thousands of years ago? Should we do the same thing even today?
Answer:
According to Gandhiji we stuck to the plough that existed thousands of years ago because we did not want tp indulge in competition. We were content with our simple ways of life. Health and happiness come through the use of our hands and feet. But I don’t think it will be right to do the same thing today. We cannot feed our one billion population if we used the same old plough today. Besides, our very existence in the modem world would be almost impossible.

Question 5.
How did our ancestors view large cities? Why were they satisfied
Answer:
Our ancestors could foresee the vices that are bound to flourish in big cities. They knew that gangs of thieves and robbers, prostitution and other vices flourish in big cities, and the rich rob the poor. They were, therefore, satisfied with small villages.

Question 6.
How did our ancestors enjoy true’Home Rule’?
Answer:
Our ancestors followed their simple occupations and lived independently. Thus they enjoyed true Home Rule.

B. 2. Answer the following questions briefly
Question 1.
What, according to file author, is modem civilization?
Answer:
According to Gandhiji modem civilization is the worship of materialism and violence and brutality.

Question 2.
What did the author convey to file countrymen about dealing with modem civilization?
Answer:
Gandhiji points out that the tendency of Indian civilization is to elevate the moral being, but that of the western civilization is to propagate immortality. He asked his countrymen to cling to their civilization, but shun the modem civilization at all costs.

Question 3.
What Is the disinguishing characteristic of modem civilization?
Answer:
According to Gandhiji indefinite multiplicity of human wants is the distinguishing characteristic of modem civilization.

Question 4.
The author perceived danger from modem civilization. How?
Answer:
Gandhiji believed that the inventions of modem civilization were too maddening to resist They could give. If they are not resisted, we would barter our permanent good for momentary leasure.

Question 5.
What does author prefer to materialism?
Answer:
The author prefers spiritualism to materialism.

Question 6.
What does our civilization depend on ?
Answer:
Our civilization depends not on multiplying our demands; but on restricting them.

Question 7.
What is civilization in the real sense of the term?
Answer:
In the real sense of the term, civilization means deliberate, voluntary restriction of wants.

C. l. Bihar Board Class 12 English Book Long Answer Questions 

Question 1.
‘I BELIEVE that the civilization India has evolved is not to be beaten in the world.’ What does Gandhi mean by this statement? Do you subscribe to his views?
Answer:
Gandhiji is of the firm view that the civilization India has evolved is founded on firm grounds. Our ancestors tested it on the anvil of their experience and found it to be true. The civilization of India has withstood the test of time. Egypt we a great and powerful civilization. It has lost its glory. It no longer exists. Same is the case with the great Roman and Greek civilization. They have lost their former glory. Japan has westernised. The people of Europe are inspired by Greek and Roman writers, and believe that they will be able to steer clear of the mistakes those people made. But Gandhiji does not hope that they will be able to do so.

About the Indian civilization, Gandhiji says that people of the world think that the people of India are not willing to adept themselves to new ideas. But Gandhiji does not consider it a fault. It is our merit because our civilization is perfect and lasting. We need nobody’s guidance. I subscribe to Gandhiji’s viewpoint. The civilization of India is thousands of years old, and is still going strong. The philosophy of our ancestors propounded is ingrained in our blood. But, I think, Indian civilization is flexible. It can easily assimilate ideas from other civilizations, and still can march ahead with great vigour. That is the beauty and merit of Indian civilization.

Question 2.
‘We notice that the mind is a restless bird, the more it gets the more it wants, and still remains lesson, unsatisfied.’ Pick out other metaphors used in the How do these metaphors help Gandhiji in persuading the readers?
Answer:
Besides, the metaphor that ‘the mind is a restless bird’, Gandhiji has used a few more metaphors. They have not only embellished the language, but have added force of persuation also. We can imagine a bird. It feeds and feeds, and still is dissatisfied. Being a bird, it flies is search of more and more food. Such is our mind. It flies like a dissatisfied and hungry bird. It craves for more and more, and is never satisfied. This metaphor makes the subtle idea of human dissatisfaction so easy to understand. Every reader can imagine and can understand it. Then Gandhiji has used another metaphor.

‘We have tested and found it true on the anvil of experience.’ We can imagine a blacksmith hammering a piece on the anvil. If anything is solid and well formed it will not break. So is our civilization. How easy it is to understand it. Gandhiji also says that our old and tested civilization is the sheet anchor of our hope’. This is a beautiful metaphor. A large ship on the sea is steadied by her sheet anchor in the face of a storm. Through this metaphor Gandhiji has forcefully conveyed to us that it is only our civilization that can help us to survive and face all sorts of misfortunes and troubles.
Gandhiji calls big cities snares. This metaphor too is very easy to comprehend. As poor animals are caught with snares, so the innocent and poor people are trapped by vices and cunning people in cities. So we should avoid big cities.

Question 3.
‘A man is not necessarily happy because he is rich, or unhappy because he is poor. The rich are often seen to be unhappy, the poor to be happy.’ What, according to Gandhi, holds key to real happiness? How does Gandhi define ‘happiness’?
Answer:
According to Gandhiji, happiness is a state of mind. Wealth and luxuries do not make a man happy. The wealthy are not always happy and the poor are not always unhappy. Luxuries and comforts often become a burden and cause physical and mental pain. People who work enjoy better health and happiness than those who are slaves to machines and others. By multiplying our desires we become less and less happy. That is why our ancestors put a limit on our indulgence. Self-restraint is the key to happiness.

Question 4.
Why did our ancestors feel satisfied with small villages? Did they do the right thing? Will it be wise today to follow our ancestors in this connection ? Give your own view.
Answer:
Our ancestors believed in simple living and high thinking. They knew that if we run after materialistic things, we will lose our moral fiber. I They deliberately did not invent machines. People lived in small villages, and followed their respective occupations and earned a regular wage. Life in villages was free from competition. The ancestors knew the evils of city life. There are vices like gambling and prostitution. There is exploitation. I rich exploit the poor. There are robbers and thieves. Villages were free from I these vices arid evils. So they were satisfied with small villages. I think they did the right thing.

Today we see that more and more people are coming to cities. There is overcrowding. People get no water to drink, and no proper houses to live in. Slums are coming up very fast. People live in inhuman conditions. All the evils and vices that Gandhiji mentioned are there. The people are coming to cities on account of two things. Firstly, there are fewer opportunities in villages. People do not get employment. Traditional | occupations are no longer helpful. Secondly, it is the glamour of city life that brings people there. They are soon disillusioned but they cannot go back to their villagers. Even today, we need to correct it. We should develop villages so that people can earn a respectable living. Then people will not think of flocking to cities.

Question 5.
Discuss the negative features of western civilization.
Answer:
The western civilization laid more stress on materialistic progress than spiritual enlightenment. They spent their energy on physical discoveries. t They have tried, and at that successfully, to bring physical comforts. Indeed their scientific discoveries and inventions are dazzling. Today the whole
world feels indebated to the west for making their lives comfortable. But all these discoveries have almost totally ignored the soul of man. The result is that demand for physical comforts is endless. This is increasing burden on our “planet. Search for material gain has fuelled man’s greed. The people in the developed countries have become more and more deperident on machines. The earth is unable to meet their insatiable demands«.Now the scientists in the west paint a bleak future of mankind. Pollution, global warming, depletion of ozone layer, and thousands of other such problems threaten our planet. The multiplying demands of the western civilization are responsible for this chaos.

Question 6.
What is the essential difference between the Indian eivilization and the western civilization? How is our civilization supperior to the western civilization?
Answer:
The essential difference between the Indian civilization and western civilization is of a kind and not of degree. The essential difference is the same as between body and soil., between material and the spirit. The western civilization is in search of endless pleasure, the Indian civilization sets a limit to indulgence. The western civilization has made discoveries to find physical comforts; the Indian civilization has sought to discover the true nature of the soul and the eternal bliss. Indian philosophers discovered that soul is more important than body, so their discoveries have found ways to

elevate the mind and the spirit. But western civilization ignored this aspect altogether. They found comforts and luxuries. Naturally, our civilization is superior because there is no limit to physical comforts. Rather, after a certain stage, they are more burdensome than enjoyable. The more comforts and luxuries we have, the more we crave for. We found no happiness. But by a voluntary restrain on indulgence in passions, we can find true happiness.

Question 7.
‘A certain degree of physical harmony and comfort is necessary but above a certain level it becomes a hindrance instead of help.’ Elaborate.
Answer:
Humans have both body and soul. No doubt soul is more important. It dwells in the body. But without the body, the soul cannot achieve anything. If we want to elevate our spirit, we need to work hard for it. If we want to serve humanity, we cannot do so unless our body is strong and has some degree of comfort. If we are uncomfortable, we cannot make the best use of our physical energy. So a degree of physical comfort is essential. But to be slave to comforts and pleasures will degrade us morally. Indeed there should be a degree of physical harmony and comfort. But indulgence in passions without restraint will become a burden and hindrance. Man will not be able to do good to himself or to society.

Discuss the following in groups or pairs;
Question 1.
‘Truth and non-violence have been the biggest weapons of mankind.
Answer:
There have been great wars in which most deadly weapons were used. Millions of people were killed and cities were destroyed. But those wars could not achieve anything. They could kill and captivate people, but could not win a single soul. But there have been some people like the Buddha and Christ. They used not a single weapon. They killed nobody. They destroyed no homes. But they have conquered empires and mle over the hearts of millions of people. Their weapon was the weapon of truth and love. Their empires are still intact. Gandhiji was a frail man. He was armed with a lathi which he never used even to threaten anybody. He led armies of unarmed men and stood against the bullets and lathis of the British police. Still he won. His weapon was the biggest weapon-truth and non-violence.

Question 2.
High thinking cannot go alongside high living.
Answer:
Exceptions may be found here and there, but it is generally true that high thinking cannot go alongside high living. Those who are given to high thinking find that living life of luxury is meaningless. Naturally they prefer to lead a simple life. Ourrishis and saints who have discovered ultimate truth led simple lives. But those who live in luxury have little time to think deeply. All the best literature, thought and philosophy in the world has come from people who led simple lives. No wealthy man has ever made great contribution to human throught. We have examples of people who renounced worldly possessions and led saintly lives. The Buddha gave up his kingdom and Tolstoy gave away his lands, and enriched the world with their wisdom.

C. 3. Composition

Write a paragraph in about 100 words on each of the following :
(a) The real dignity of man lies not in what he has but in what he is. Ans. Many people believe that they would gain greater respect in society
if they had more wealth. But they find it is a fallacy, because wealth comes in a thousand ways, and most of the ways are not respectable. Wealth can come through inheritance, through winning a jackpot, through smuggling, cheating, robbing and many other immoral and illegal ways. All these ways hardly make a man great. But people of character and wisdom are truly respected. India has a long tradition of respecting saints and sanyasins. Even the richest men bow to them. It is only character and integrity that make a man great.

(b) The crown and glory of life is character.
Ans. Character is what gives man inner glow. Wealth and possession do not make a man great. In the hour of crisis, it is not wealth that can give man courage, but its character that helps a man to face misfortunes with fortitude. Wealth and possession make a man appear to shine as the rays of the sun falling on window panes. But when the sun sets, there can be a glow only if there is light within. Similarly a man may appear to be great when he has wealth. His true worth is seen when he loses wealth. Indeed character does not make only a man great, but a nation becomes great if there are men and women of strong character.

D. WORD STUDY

D.1. Dictionary use
Ex. 1. Correct the spellings of the following words
Answer:
disuaded — dissuaded
ocupation — occupation
votries — votaries
imorality — immorality
unadulterated — unadultrated
matarialism — materialism
beleif — belief
madning — maddening ‘
engrev — engrave
harmoney — harmony

Ex. 2. Lookup a dictionary and write two meanings of the following
words— the one in which it is used in the lesson and the other which is more common.
Answer:
reason:
(i) faculty of rational argument
(ii) a cause or motive
thinking:
(i) opinion or judgment
(ii) the process of thought
wants:
(i) deficiency
(ii) desire; need
ruin:
(i) downfall; destruction
(ii) a destroyed or fallen building
copy:
(i) an imitation
(ii) a single specimen of something

D. 2. Word-formation

Read carefully the following sentence taken from the lesson.
Each followed his own occupation.
In the above sentence the word ‘occupation’, which is an abstract noun, is derived from the verb ‘occupy’. Now derive abstract nouns from the verbs given below and use them (abstract nouns) in sentences of your own.

convert – conversion
perform – performance
defin – definition
please – pleasure
educate – education
observe – observation

Sentance –
conversion: Please tell me the formula of conversion of Fahrenheit temperature into Centigrade temperature.
performance: Sunita’s performance on the stage was greatly appreciated,
definition: What was Gandhiji’s definition of Satyagraha?
pleasure: It was a pleasure to hear classical music,
education: Education should be accessible to all.
observation: Newton had a keen power of observation.
Ex. 2. Fill in the blanks with suitable words (gerunds) from the given list living thinking writing bartering maddening
(i) Pragya’s is not very legible.
(ii) The police could not control the crowd.
(iii) We are in danger of away the permanent good for a momentary pleasure.
(iv) Gandhi always believed in simple
(v) Amandeep’s was quite logical.
Answer:
(i) writing, (ii) maddening, (iii) bartering, (iv) living, (v) thinking.

D. 4. Phrases

Ex. 1. Read the lesson carefully and find out the sentences in which the following phrases have been used. Then use these phrases in sentences of your own:
satisfy with, be sujited to, believe in, cling to, in vain
Answer:
satisfy with: We are unhappy because we are not satisfied with what we have.
be suited to: The climate of Bihar is not suited to growing apples.
believe in: I believe in God.
Cling to Let’s not cling to outdated customs
in vain: He tried hi vain to persuade him to give up smoking.

Bihar Board Class 12 English Book Solutions Chapter 1 Indian Civilization and Culture

E. Grammar

Ex. 1. Complete the sentences given below by using the appropriate forms of the verbs given in brackets :
(a) Indian civilization has……..it alive till now. (keep)
(b) I see here ancient India still……….. (live)
(c) We have………… many things from western literature, (borrow)
(d) We have been………… west since long, (copy)
(e) Arya did…………. so, (speak)
(f) Nehru had…………. so many letters to his daughter from jail, (write)
Answer:
(a) kept, (b) living, (c) borrowed, (d) copying, (e) speak, (f) written.

Ex. 2 Study the following sentence from the lesson
We notice that the mind is a restless bird, the more it gets the more it wants. Mark the use of double comparative in the above sentence. Form ten sentences of your own choice on this pattern.
Answer:

1. The higher we go, the cooler it is.
2. The harder he worked, the better he grew.
3. The more you spend, the less you have.
4. The louder she cried, the hoarser she became.
5. The more she earns, the more she spends.
6. The longer we waited, the darker it became.
7. The higher the sun rises, the hotter it becdome.
8. The more he ate, the fatter he became.
9. The farther he walked, more desperate he became.
10. The harder you work, the better you achieve.
11. The more he earned, the less he spent.

ncert solutions class 9 bookflicker

Chapter 01 – Matter in Our Surroundings NCERT Solutions Class 09 Science

Chapter 1

Matter in Our Surroundings Intext Questions

On Page 3

Question 1: Which of the following are matters?

Chair, air, love, smell, hate, almonds, thought, cold, cold-drink, smell of perfume.

Solution: Any things which have some weight and occupy space will come under category of matter.

Chair, air, smell, almonds, cold-drink and smell of perfume: Matter Question 2:Give reasons for the following observation

The smell of hot sizzling food reaches you several meters away, but to get the smell from cold food you have to go close.

Solution: Evaporation is directly proportional to temperature, means hot food evaporates easily.Diffusion of hot food vapor with air becomes very fast and can reach to a distant place within a very short time.

Question 3:A diver is able to cut through water in a swimming pool. Which property of matter does this observation show?

Solution: The phenomena of cutting the water by the diver show that matter has space between its particles.

Question 4:What are the characteristics of the particles of matter?

Solution: Characteristics of particles of matter are given below:

  1. Particles of matter have space between them.
  2. Particles of matter are continuously moving.
  3. Particles of matter have an attraction force between them.
  4. Particles of matter are very small in size.

On Page 6

Question 1:The mass per unit volume of a substance is called density. (Density = mass/volume).

Arrange the following in order of increasing density–

Air, exhaust from chimneys, honey, water, chalk, cotton and iron.

Solution:We can solve this question by keeping this concept in mind. The correct order of density for gas, liquid and solid are:

Gas < Liquid < Solid. Thus,

Air, exhaust from chimneys        water, honey,        cotton , chalk ,iron Gas              Liquid                          Solid

                                                                                                           > Increasing order of Density

Question 2:

  • Tabulate the differences in the characteristics of states of matter.
  • Comment upon the following:

Rigidity, compressibility, fluidity, filling a gas container, shape, kinetic energy and density.

Solution: (a)Solid :

Solids have a definite volume. Solids do not tend to flow.

Solids are rigid.

Generally solids have a definite shape with very few exceptions like sponge, rubber band etc.

Solids are generally incompressible with very few exceptions like sponge, rubber band etc.

Liquid :

Liquids also have a definite volume. Liquids tend to flow.

Liquids are not rigid.

Liquids do not have a definite shape. They take the shape of the container.

Liquids are almost incompressible. Gases :

Gases do not have a definite volume. Their volume varies with the container in which they are stored or kept.

Gases also tend to flow Gases are not rigid.

Gases do not have a definite shape Gases are compressible.

(b)

Rigidity:Property by which an object retains its shape and size is called as rigidity.

Solids are rigid whereas liquids and gases are not.

Compressibility: Compressibility is the property; due to which a substance can be

compressed, means its volume can be decreased. Gases are compressible whereas solids

and liquids are not.

Fluidity: Flowing tendency of a substance called fluidity. Gases and liquids are fluids,

solids are not.

Filling a gas container: a large volume of gas can be filled in a gas container by

compressing it under very high pressure. The property of compressibility (of gases) ivey sue full in this case

Shape:The property of having a definite geometry is called shape of a particular

substance. Solids have a definite shape whereas gases and liquids do not have.

Kinetic energy: The energy possessed by a moving object or by the moving molecules

of called kinetic energy.

On increasing the temperature, kinetic energy of a substance (or its molecules) also

Density : The mass per unit volume of a substance is called density.

Mass Density =                   ———-

Volume Question 3:Give reasons:

  • A gas fills completely the vessel in which it is kept.
  • A gas exerts pressure on the walls of the container.
  • A wooden table should be called a solid.
  • We can easily move our hand in air but to do the same through a solid block of wood we need a karate expert.

Solution:

  • Force of attraction between the molecules of gases is negligible. So, molecules of gases occupy the maximum space available to them. High kinetic energy possessed by their molecules also helps for the same.
  • The motion of particles is random and having very high speed in the gaseous state.Due to this random movement, the particles hit each other and also the walls of the container. The pressure exerted by the gas is due to this force exerted by these particles per unit area on the walls of the container.
  • There is a strong force of attraction between the molecules of wood and the intermolecular space is the least. So, a wooden table has a definite shape and volume and it should be called a solid.

Air molecules are very-very far from each other due to negligible force of attraction working between them. So, our hand gets sufficient

space to move in air and we also displace some air molecules by applying force. But a solid block of wood has closely

packed molecules so there is no question of the movement of hand through it, in absence of suitable force in proper direction.

Question 4:Liquids generally have lower density as compared to solids. But you must have observed that ice floats on water. Find out why?

Solution:Liquids have lower density than that of solids. Water is also a liquid so it should also

have less density than that of solid that is ice.

But the case is not so and the reason for the same is the cage-like structure of ice. i.e.,

presence of vacant spaces between water (H2O) molecules when they linked in ice. The number of these spaces is comparatively less in water.

Being more porous than water, ice

is lighter than water and floats over the surface of water. On Page 9

Question 1:Convert the following temperature to Celsius scale (a) 300 K (b) 573 K

Solution: By the use of given formula, we can convert the Kelvin temperature to Celsius.

T K –273 = t°C

(a) 300K–273 = 27°C (b) 573K–273 = 300°C

Question 2:What is the physical state of water at (a) 250°C (b) 100°C?

Solution:

As the boiling point of water is 100°C so

  • at 250°C, the state of water will be steam or water vapour, i.e., gaseous state.
  • at 100°C, there will be a transition of liquid state into the gaseous state. So, at this

temperature, the state is/may be liquid as well as gaseous.

Question 3:For any substance, why does the temperature remain constant during the change of state?

Solution:During the change of state of a substance, the temperature remains constant. This can be understood with the help of an example.

When a solid is heated to its melting point, the

temperature first rises and becomes constant when reaches its melting point. Now, on further heating, the heat energy provided to the substance helps to break the attraction force between the solid molecules. This heat is called latent heat. That is why, the

temperature does not rise.

Question 4:Suggest a method to liquefy atmospheric gases.

Solution:By applying pressure and reducing the temperature, atmospheric gases can be liquefied

On Page 10

Question 1:Why does a desert cooler cool better on a hot dry day?

Solution:A desert cooler functions on the basis of evaporation. The rate of evaporation increases with increase in temperature and decrease in humidity. As evaporation increases when the day is hot and dry. So, the desert cooler functions to a better extent.

Question 2:How does the water kept in an earthen pot (matka) become cool during summer?

Solution: Large number of tiny pores is present on the surface of the earthen pot (matka). The water stored in the earthen pot (matka) evaporates faster through these pores due to the increased exposed surface area. As the’ process of evaporation causes cooling, the stored water inside the earthen pot (matka) becomes cool.

Question 3:Why does our palm feel cold when we put some acetone or petrol or perfume on it?

Solution:Acetone, petrol, perfume etc., being volatile, evaporate very fast when exposed to larger surfaces. During the process they absorb the required latent heat of vaporization from the palm (if kept on palm). So, the process causes Cooling and the palm feels cool.

Question 4:Why are we able to sip hot tea or milk faster from a saucer rather than a cup?

Solution: A liquid has large surface area in a saucer than in a cup. Thus, it evaporates faster and cools faster in a saucer than in a cup. For this reason we able to sip hot tea or milk faster from a saucer rather than a cup.

Question 5:What type of clothes should we wear in summer?

Solution:We should wear light colored cotton clothes in summer because

  1. Cotton is a good absorber of water/sweat. It provides more surface area for the sweat to evaporate.
  2. Light colours absorb less heat.

So, wearing light coloured cotton clothes helps us feeling cool and comfortable.

Exercises

Question 1:Convert the following temperatures to the Celsius scale. (a) 293 K (b) 470 K

Solution:

In order to covert temperature from Kelvin to Celsius scale, we have to subtract 273 from the given value because K – 273 = ° C

(a) 293 K – 273 = 20°C (b) 470K – 273 = 197°C

Question 2:Convert the following temperatures to the kelvin scale. (a) 25°C (b) 373°C

Solution: To convert temperature from Celsius to Kelvin scale, add 273 to the given values because

° C + 273 = K

(a) 25°C + 273 = 298 K (b) 373°C + 273 = 646 K

Question 3:Give reason for the following observations.

  • Naphthalene balls disappear with time without leaving any solid.
  • We can get the smell of perfume sitting several meters away.

Solution:

Naphthalene is a substance which directly changes from solid to gas on heating by the process of sublimation. So, the naphthalene balls disappear with time as they sublime due to heat of surroundings.

The smell (aroma) of perfume reaches several meters away due to the fast diffusion of the gaseous perfume particles through the air.

Question 4:Arrange the following substances in increasing order of forces of attraction between the particles-water, sugar, oxygen.

Solution:The forces of attraction are strongest in solids and weakest (or negligible) in case of gases. Sugar is a solid, water is in liquid form and oxygen is a gas so, the order of forces of attraction is oxygen < water < sugar.

Question 5:What is the physical state of water at (a) 25°C (b) 0°C (c) 100°C?

Solution:At zero °C temperature water (liquid) get starts to convert into its solid form (ice) and at 100°C temperature water (liquid) starts to change into water vapours .Between 0° to 100°C it remains in liquid state.

Thus,

  • Liquid state
  • Solid or/and liquid state (Transition state)
  • Liquid or/and gaseous state (Transition state)

Question 6:Give two reasons to justify

  • Water at room temperature is a liquid.

An iron almirah is a solid at room temperature.

Solution:

  • Water is a liquid at room temperature because It has a tendency to flow.

It takes the shape of the container in which it is filled, but its volume remains the same.

  • An iron almirah is a solid at room temperature because Its shape and volume are definite.

It is hard and rigid. Its density is high.

Question 7:Why is ice at 273 K more effective in cooling than water at the same temperature?

Solution:Ice at 273K has less energy than water (although both at the same temperature). Water is having additional latent heat of fusion, hence at 273 K ice is more effective cooling than water

Question 8:What produces more severe burns, boiling water or steam?

Solution:Steam causes more severe burns than boiling water. The reason is that it releases the extra amount of heat (latent heat) which it has already taken during vaporization

Question 9:Name A, B, C, D, E and F in the following diagram showing change in its state.

Solution :

A = Melting or fusion, where solid changes into liquid.

B = Evaporation or vaporization, where liquid changes into gas. C = Condensation or liquification where gas changes into liquid. D = Freezing or solidification, where liquid changes into solid.

E = Sublimation, where solid directly changes into gas without coming in liquid state.

F = Sublimation, where gas changes into solid without coming to liquid state.

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UPSC Result 2025: Bihar’s Bright Star Shines – Secures AIR 8 with Schooling from Nepal and B.Tech from MNNIT

UPSC Result 2025: Raj Krishna Jha from Bihar Secures AIR 8 – Schooled in Nepal, B.Tech from MNNIT

UPSC Result 2025: The final result of the UPSC Civil Services Examination 2024 has been released, and Raj Krishna Jha from Bihar has proudly secured a spot in the Top 10. Balancing a full-time job at HPCL, Raj prepared rigorously and achieved success in his fifth attempt.

Highlights of Raj Krishna Jha’s UPSC Journey

  • Secured All India Rank 8 in UPSC CSE 2024
  • Prepared while working full-time at HPCL
  • Completed schooling in Nepal

From a Small Village in Bihar to the Top 10 of UPSC

Raj Krishna Jha’s journey is one of inspiration. Hailing from Sitamarhi district in Bihar, he has proved that determination, hard work, and confidence can break all barriers. Coming from a modest background, Raj has become a role model for students from rural and middle-class families.

Schooling in Nepal and 12th from Bihar Board

Raj completed his schooling in Jhapa district of Nepal. He then passed his 12th-grade exams from the Bihar School Examination Board.

B.Tech from MNNIT Allahabad and Job at HPCL

After completing 12th, Raj pursued Mechanical Engineering at Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology (MNNIT), Allahabad. Post-graduation, he joined Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited (HPCL) and was posted in Kolhapur while preparing for UPSC.

Missed by 2 Marks in 4th Attempt, Cracked it in 5th

In his fourth attempt, Raj missed qualifying by just 2 marks despite scoring 739 in the Mains exam. Determined to succeed, he aimed for a Top 10 rank in 2024 and succeeded. He mentioned that his performance in mock tests gave him confidence this time. His optional subject was Hindi, and his main subject was Geography.

Supportive Family and Educational Roots

Raj credits his father, Sunil Kumar Jha, a private school teacher in Nepal, as his biggest inspiration. His grandfather was a headmaster, and his sister is an MBBS doctor — all of whom contributed to shaping his academic path and values.

Tags: UPSC Topper 2025, Raj Krishna Jha UPSC AIR 8, Bihar UPSC Topper, UPSC Success Story, UPSC Result 2025, Hindi Optional UPSC, Geography Optional

UPSC IAS Success Story of Raj Krishna Jha

Salute to Bihar’s star! Raj Krishna Jha shines with 8th rank in UPSC CSE.

UPSC IAS Success Story of Raj Krishna Jha – AIR 8 in UPSC CSE 2024

UPSC IAS Success Story of Raj Krishna Jha: Raj Krishna Jha from Bihar has made his state proud by securing the 8th All India Rank in UPSC Civil Services Examination 2024. His journey is an inspiration not just for himself, but for every student in Bihar and across the country. Raj’s hard work, dedication, and unwavering confidence helped him crack one of the toughest exams in India. Rising from a small village in Bihar to the top ranks of India’s most prestigious exam is truly commendable. In this article, let’s explore the inspirational journey of Raj Krishna Jha.

From Engineering to UPSC: The Journey of Raj Krishna Jha

According to media reports, Raj Krishna Jha hails from Sitamarhi district in Bihar. He completed his 12th from the Bihar School Examination Board. He pursued B.Tech in Mechanical Engineering from Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology (MNNIT). After graduation, he secured a job at Hindustan Petroleum. However, his dream was to serve the nation through the civil services, so he decided to prepare for the UPSC exam.

Bihar’s Pride: Raj Krishna Jha Secures AIR 8 in UPSC CSE 2024

By securing the 8th All India Rank in UPSC CSE 2024, Raj Krishna Jha has become a role model for countless aspirants. His preparation strategy was disciplined and well-planned. Smart study techniques, effective time management, and consistent revision were the keys to his success. Despite coming from a small town, Raj proved that determination and focused efforts can lead to great achievements. His story now serves as an inspiration for UPSC aspirants across the country.

Keywords: UPSC Topper 2024, Raj Krishna Jha UPSC, Bihar UPSC Topper, IAS Success Story, UPSC AIR 8 2024, Inspirational UPSC Stories

UPSC Success Story of Hemant Mishra.jpeg

UPSC Topper From Bihar: यूपीएससी में बिहार का जलवा कायम, टॉप 20 में तीन टॉपर, संस्कृति को रैंक 17

 

UPSC Topper From Bihar: यूनियन पब्लिक सर्विस कमीशन (UPSC) की तरफ से सिविल सर्विस का रिजल्ट जारी हो गया है. इस साल कुल 1090 कैंडिडेट्स को सफलता हासिल हुई है. रिजल्ट के साथ-साथ टॉपर्स लिस्ट भी जारी हुई है. यूपीएससी टॉपर लिस्ट (UPSC CSE 2025 Toppers List) के अनुसार एक बार फिर बिहार के छात्रों ने कमाल किया है. यूपीएससी टॉपर्स लिस्ट में टॉप 20 में तीन छात्र बिहार के ही है.

यूपीएससी सिविल सर्विस में इस साल शक्ति दुबे को रैंक 1 प्राप्त हुआ है. शक्ति दुबे मूल रूप से उत्तर प्रदेश के प्रयागराज की रहने वाली हैं. इस साल बिहार के कई छात्रों को टॉपर्स लिस्ट में जगह मिली है. बिहार के रहने वाले तीन छात्र रैंक 20 में शामिल हैं. आइए उनके बारे में जानते हैं.

UPSC Topper From Bihar: रैंक 8 पर राज कृष्ण झा

यूपीएससी सिविल सर्विस का रिजल्ट आया तो एक नाम सबसे ज्यादा मशहूर होने लगा. यह नाम है बिहार के सीतामढ़ी के रहने वाले राज कृष्ण झा का. राज कृष्ण को यूपीएससी सिविल सर्विस में रैंक 8 प्राप्त हुआ है.

 

UPSC Topper From Bihar: बक्सर के हेमंत को रैंक 13

बिहार के बक्सर जिले के रहने वाले हेमंत मिश्रा ने यूपीएससी परीक्षा रैंक 13 के साथ क्रैक की है. हेमंत ने पहले BPSC और फिर UP PCS जैसी बड़ी परीक्षाएं पास की है. उनका सपना UPSC था और अब उन्होंने उसे भी पूरा कर लिया है. हेमंत की इस सफलता में उनके परिवार का काफी सपोर्ट रहा.

UPSC Topper From Bihar: जमुई की संस्कृति को रैंक 17

बिहार के जमुई की रहने वाली संस्कृति त्रिवेदी ने UPSC 2024 में शानदार सफलता हासिल की है. इससे पहले 2022 में उन्होंने यूपीएससी परीक्षा में ऑल इंडिया रैंक 352वां प्राप्त कर अपने जिले का नाम रोशन किया है. उनके पिता आनंद प्रकाश त्रिवेदी और मां सुनीता त्रिवेदी ने हर समय उनका हौसला बढ़ाया.

 

 

UPSC Success Story of Hemant Mishra

बिहार के लाल हेमंत मिश्रा ने रचा इतिहास: BPSC, UP PCS के बाद UPSC टॉप किया

UPSC Success Story in Hindi: जब सही दिशा में मेहनत की जाए और लगन के साथ लक्ष्य की ओर बढ़ा जाए, तो सफलता जरूर मिलती है। ऐसा ही कुछ कर दिखाया है बिहार के बक्सर जिले के हेमंत मिश्रा ने। हेमंत ने BPSC और फिर UP PCS जैसी प्रतिष्ठित परीक्षाएं पास कीं, लेकिन उनका असली सपना था UPSC पास करना — और उन्होंने 2024 की सिविल सेवा परीक्षा (UPSC CSE 2024) में शानदार रैंक हासिल करके यह सपना पूरा कर लिया।

यह प्रेरणादायक कहानी (UPSC Inspirational Story in Hindi) देश के लाखों युवाओं के लिए एक मिसाल है और यह बताती है कि सच्ची लगन और मेहनत से किसी भी मंजिल को पाया जा सकता है।

हेमंत मिश्रा का बैकग्राउंड और UPSC का सफर

मीडिया रिपोर्ट्स के अनुसार, हेमंत मिश्रा बिहार के बक्सर जिले के धोबी घटवा इलाके से हैं। उनके पिता का नाम ओम प्रकाश मिश्रा है। 2022 में भी हेमंत ने UPSC की परीक्षा दी थी और सफलता पाई थी। वर्तमान में वे उत्तर प्रदेश के मिर्जापुर जिले में SDM के पद पर कार्यरत हैं।

UPSC सफलता के पीछे की प्रेरणा और परिवार का योगदान

हेमंत की इस सफलता में उनके परिवार का बड़ा योगदान रहा है। परिवार का सहयोग, सच्ची मेहनत और मजबूत इच्छाशक्ति ही उनकी इस कामयाबी की कुंजी बनी।

UPSC Success Tips in Hindi: हेमंत मिश्रा से सीखें

  • हर दिन का लक्ष्य तय करें और ईमानदारी से फॉलो करें।
  • सही रणनीति के साथ पढ़ाई करें — NCERT से शुरुआत करें और स्टैंडर्ड बुक्स पर फोकस रखें।
  • प्रीलिम्स और मेन्स दोनों के लिए अलग-अलग तैयारी करें।
  • मॉक टेस्ट और आंसर राइटिंग प्रैक्टिस को नजरअंदाज न करें।

निष्कर्ष (Conclusion)

हेमंत मिश्रा की UPSC Success Story हमें यह सिखाती है कि अगर आपके अंदर जुनून हो, दिशा सही हो और आप डटे रहें, तो UPSC जैसी कठिन परीक्षा भी जीती जा सकती है। उनकी कहानी आज लाखों युवाओं को प्रेरणा दे रही है।

Taglines/Keywords: UPSC Success Story in Hindi, Hemant Mishra UPSC, बिहार के टॉपर, UPSC 2024 Topper, UPSC प्रेरणादायक कहानी, UPSC तैयारी टिप्स

BSEB Bihar Board 12th Toppers 2025.jpg

CBSE 10th Board Results Coming Soon – Get the First Update Here

CBSE 10th Result 2025 Date: The wait is almost over for Class 10 students of the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE). The board is expected to release the CBSE Class 10 results either in the last week of April or the first week of May 2025. However, there is no official confirmation yet. Once released, students can check their results on the official CBSE websites.

CBSE 10th Result 2025: Expected Date and Time

Based on previous result trends, the CBSE Class 10 Board Results 2025 are expected to be declared on or after May 20, 2025. In 2024, the results were announced on May 13, and in 2023 on May 12. Although the official result date has not yet been confirmed, students are advised to regularly visit the CBSE official website during the last week of May for updates.

How to Check CBSE 10th Result 2025 Online?

Follow these steps to check your CBSE Class 10 Result 2025:

  • Visit the official websites: results.cbse.nic.in or cbse.gov.in
  • Click on the link for ‘CBSE Class 10 Scorecard 2025’
  • Enter your application number and date of birth
  • Download the PDF copy of your mark sheet
  • Take a printout for future reference

Where to Check CBSE 10th Result 2025?

Once declared, students can access their CBSE Class 10 results from the following platforms:

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UP Board Result 2025 Date: UPMSP Class 10, 12 result to be out SOON; check official date, guide to download marksheet

UP Board Result 2025: Class 10 & 12 Results Expected Soon

The Uttar Pradesh Madhyamik Shiksha Parishad (UPMSP) is expected to release the Class 10 and 12 board exam results shortly. Students are advised to keep checking the official websites for real-time updates. For curated updates and academic resources, visit www.bookflicker.com.

🗓️ UP Board Exam Dates 2025

UPMSP conducted the Class 10 exams from February 24 to March 12, while Class 12 exams were held from February 24 to March 9.

Over 44.37 lakh students appeared for the exams this year — including 27.32 lakh from Class 10 and 27.05 lakh from Class 12.

📢 UP Board Result 2025 Date

As per media sources and past trends, the UP Board Class 10 and 12 results are likely to be declared between April 20 and April 25, 2025. However, the board has not officially confirmed the exact date yet.

🌐 Where to Check UP Board Results Online

Students can check their results on the official websites:

📝 How to Check UP Board Result 2025

  1. Visit the official UPMSP website: upmsp.edu.in
  2. Click on the relevant link for Class 10 or Class 12 results
  3. Enter your roll number and other login details
  4. Click on “Submit” to view your result
  5. Download or print the mark sheet for future reference

📄 Details to Check on Your Marksheet

After downloading the digital mark sheet, students should verify the following details:

  • Roll number
  • Student’s name
  • Father’s and mother’s names
  • Subjects appeared
  • Marks in theory and practical
  • Total marks and result status (Pass/Fail)
  • Division (First/Second/Third)

🧾 Digital Marksheet Availability

The UP Board will initially release the digital version of the mark sheet on its official portal. You can also find helpful study material and exam guides on handwrittennotes.bookflicker.com to assist with re-evaluation prep or supplementary exams.

🔍 Revaluation and Supplementary Exams

Students who are not satisfied with their marks can apply for revaluation within 15 days of result declaration. Those who fail in one or more subjects can appear in the supplementary exam scheduled for July 2025.

As per UP Board’s policy, students who are short of a few marks may also be awarded grace marks to help them pass.

Success Story of JEE AIR 1 2025

Studied 8–10 Hours Daily, Gave Up Phone – Here’s How Om Prakash Behera Secured AIR-1 in JEE Mains 2025

Success Story of JEE Mains 2025 AIR-1: Om Prakash Behera Tops with Perfect 300/300

The JEE Mains 2025 results are out, and the toppers list has grabbed national attention. This year, 24 students achieved a perfect 100 percentile, but leading them all is Om Prakash Behera from Bhubaneswar, Odisha, who secured All India Rank 1 (AIR-1).

His incredible achievement is the result of consistent hard work, dedication, and focused preparation. Let’s take a closer look at the inspiring journey of JEE Mains 2025 Topper Om Prakash Behera.

Om Prakash Behera’s Journey to Success

According to reports, Om Prakash hails from Bhubaneswar, Odisha. From a young age, he showed a keen interest in academics and performed exceptionally well throughout his school years. He scored 92% in Class 10 and has been preparing for JEE from Kota, Rajasthan, for the last three years.

With strong determination, he followed his teachers’ guidance and stayed committed to his daily study routine, which ultimately led to his remarkable success.

Scored a Perfect 300/300 in JEE Mains 2025

Om Prakash’s hard work paid off in the most spectacular way — he scored a perfect 300 out of 300 marks in JEE Mains 2025. His result has become an inspiration for lakhs of students across the country aspiring to crack one of India’s toughest engineering entrance exams.

The Secret Behind His Success

In his interviews, Om Prakash shared that he always focuses on the present moment rather than worrying about the past. He believes that mobile phones can be a major distraction, which is why he doesn’t own a smartphone. He dedicates around 8 to 9 hours daily to self-study and is now preparing for JEE Advanced.

Support from His Mother: A Key Motivator

Om Prakash dreams of pursuing B.Tech in Computer Science from IIT Bombay. He’s also an avid reader of novels. His mother, Smita Rani, is a college lecturer in Odisha. However, to support her son, she has been living in Kota on a sabbatical for the past three years. Her presence and support have played a crucial role in Om Prakash’s success.

Conclusion

Om Prakash Behera’s journey is a testament to what dedication, discipline, and family support can achieve. His success story is not just about academic excellence, but also about staying grounded, focused, and committed to one’s goals.

bettiah

दो मई से इंटरमीडिएट के साथ हो शुरू होगी मैट्रिक बोर्ड की भी कंपार्टमेंटल परीक्षा

बिहार बोर्ड मैट्रिक कंपार्टमेंटल परीक्षा 2025: 2 मई से शुरू, जानें पूरा शेड्यूल और परीक्षा केंद्र

बेतिया: बिहार विद्यालय परीक्षा समिति (Bihar Board) ने इंटरमीडिएट के बाद अब मैट्रिक की विशेष और कंपार्टमेंटल परीक्षा 2025 का कार्यक्रम जारी कर दिया है। ये परीक्षाएं 2 मई से शुरू होंगी। इंटर और मैट्रिक दोनों कंपार्टमेंटल परीक्षाएं एक साथ संचालित की जाएंगी।

जहां मैट्रिक कंपार्टमेंटल परीक्षा 2 मई से 7 मई 2025 तक आयोजित होगी, वहीं इंटरमीडिएट कंपार्टमेंटल परीक्षा 13 मई तक चलेगी। बोर्ड द्वारा टाइम टेबल जारी होने के बाद जिले में परीक्षा की तैयारियां शुरू कर दी गई हैं। परीक्षा केंद्र जिला मुख्यालय में ही होंगे, और परीक्षार्थियों की संख्या कम होने के कारण विशेष समस्या नहीं होगी।

मैट्रिक कंपार्टमेंटल परीक्षा 2025: परीक्षा केंद्र और शेड्यूल

इस परीक्षा के लिए जिले में कुल 3 परीक्षा केंद्र बनाए गए हैं:

  • राज्य संपोषित कन्या उच्चतर माध्यमिक विद्यालय, बेतिया
  • केपी प्लस टू स्कूल
  • राजकीय उच्चतर माध्यमिक विद्यालय, कुमारबाग

इन केंद्रों पर कुल 1879 परीक्षार्थी विशेष व कंपार्टमेंटल परीक्षा में शामिल होंगे। परीक्षा दो पालियों में आयोजित की जाएगी:

  • पहली पाली: सुबह 9:30 बजे से दोपहर 12:45 बजे तक
  • दूसरी पाली: दोपहर 2:00 बजे से शाम 5:15 बजे तक

तैयारी और गाइडलाइन

बोर्ड की गाइडलाइन के अनुसार सभी केंद्रों पर परीक्षा की तैयारी शुरू कर दी गई है। सुरक्षा और निगरानी के लिए संबंधित अधिकारियों की तैनाती की जाएगी।